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That progesterone helps to prevent miscarriage can come as a comforting reality for expecting mothers who fear or are at risk of losing their babies.
A miscarriage occurs when a growing baby dies in the mother’s womb before the 20th week of pregnancy. It can be one of the hardest moments in the lives of people hoping to expand their family. Unfortunately, miscarriages are not uncommon.
Research says about 10 to 15 pregnancies out of 100 end in miscarriage.
Sometimes, miscarriages can happen three or more times in a row. Studies show that about 1% of women have repeated miscarriages.
Most times, miscarriage rears its ugly head in the first trimester of a woman’s pregnancy, just before the twelfth week. Miscarriage can also occur in the second trimester (between weeks 13 and 28), but the incidence of this is not common.
Although there is no cause for some miscarriages, it has been suggested that low levels of pregnancy hormones like progesterone can result in pregnancy loss. Boosting progesterone levels can be a way for women to prevent the traumatic experience of losing their babies.
Let’s dig deeper!
Summary
- Progesterone is a female sex hormone that helps to regulate the female menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
- Your ovaries produce progesterone even when you’re pregnant before the placenta takes over.
- A lot of factors can cause miscarriage, one of them being low progesterone levels.
- Your doctor may use a blood test to check your progesterone levels. You can also use home tests like Inito to check your hormone levels of PdG (urine metabolite of progesterone).
- If your progesterone levels are low, you can use injections or creams to boost hormones and prevent a possible miscarriage. Be sure to keep your doctor in the loop if you explore progesterone treatments.
What Is Progesterone and Why Is It Important?
Progesterone is a female pregnancy hormone. Think of it as the helping hand that regulates your monthly cycle, from ovulation to menstruation. Besides maintaining your womb during the luteal phase, progesterone prepares your body for pregnancy.
Your ovaries release an egg every cycle. The follicle that releases the egg forms the corpus luteum. This structure releases progesterone to support pregnancy.
Progesterone makes your endometrium thicker and prepares for the attachment of a fertilized egg to the womb. It also prevents the muscles in your womb from contracting, which can prevent implantation.
If there is no fertilized egg to hook onto the uterus, the progesterone level drops and your period begins. On the other hand, if implantation is successful, the corpus luteum will produce high levels of progesterone. This continues through the first trimester until about the 10th week of pregnancy. Afterward, your baby’s placenta takes over progesterone production till delivery.
Since the role of progesterone during the pregnancy period is highly elevated, low levels of it can result in a miscarriage.
Miscarriage Reasons And How Progesterone Helps In Prevention
Hormonal disorders aren’t the only causes of a miscarriage. Here are a few other causes:
- Bacterial infection
- Exposure to high levels of radiation
- Wrong implantation of fertilized egg in the womb
- Age
- Uterine disorders
- Unpredictable opening and closing of the cervix during pregnancy
- Smoking and hard liquor
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Medications
- Not eating properly
But remember that the presence of progesterone is essential to the process of getting pregnant. Thus, maintaining high levels of progesterone helps to prevent miscarriage chances.
Typically, your body produces more than enough progesterone during pregnancy. However, your physician may recommend progesterone supplements if your levels drop during pregnancy.
These supplements have chemical compositions similar to the natural progesterone in your body. A doctor’s prescription of progesterone supplements is expected to be safe for you and not likely to cause any complications.
How To Track Your Progesterone During Pregnancy?
Tracking your progesterone through your pregnancy can keep you prepped in advance for any circumstances you may face.
Here is a chart that indicates the normal range of progesterone levels in blood:
Pregnancy stages | Normal range of progesterone levels |
Before ovulation | <0.89 ng/mL |
During ovulation | ≤ 12 ng/mL |
After ovulation | 1.8 – 24 ng/mL |
1st Trimester | 11 – 44 ng/mL |
2nd Trimester | 25 – 83 ng/mL |
3rd trimester | 58 – 214 ng/mL |
For a normal pregnancy in the first trimester, progesterone levels should be valued above 25 ng/mL about 98% of the time. Find more information here.
To track your progesterone levels, you can use a fertility monitor like Inito. This home testing device can check the levels of essential fertility hormones like PdG (urine metabolite of progesterone), estrogen, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. This device can help you track your hormone levels and give you actual values.
Signs of miscarriage
There’s no single yardstick for measuring the possibility of miscarriage in people. The signs that you may experience might differ from the signs others experience. It all depends on the unique status and progress of your pregnancy.
Common symptoms of a miscarriage include:
- Intense spotting
- Vaginal bleeding
- Secretion of tissue or fluid from the vagina
- Intense lower back ache
- Abdominal cramps
- History of miscarriage
While the presence of these symptoms does not always indicate the possibility of miscarriage, it is best to alert your doctor to discuss further steps if you notice them.
How Progesterone Helps To Prevent Miscarriages: Steps To Take
Though not all miscarriages can be prevented, those caused by low progesterone have a chance of being avoided. Research still continues on the effectiveness of these methods touted to reverse low progesterone, but these are some routes you can explore:
Taking progesterone injections:
Typically, doctors give this injection between weeks 16 and 37 of your pregnancy or until delivery. The shots continue weekly.
Rubbing progesterone cream
These over-the-counter progesterone creams are made by formulating a chemical with the same composition as natural progesterone. They can be applied directly to the skin. However, these creams are not foolproof, and it would be best to consult your doctor for the right dosage.
Progesterone supplements
You can take progesterone orally through pills/capsules, but not without due consultation from your doctor. Foods with a high level of L-Arginine, like salmon, chicken, pork, and beans, can also help boost your progesterone levels naturally.
Progesterone suppositories
Progesterone suppositories can only be inserted into the vagina. They increase the levels of progesterone, which can prevent miscarriages. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription.
Progesterone pessaries
This prosthetic device contains the right amount of progesterone which is inserted into your vagina. It is used to correct abnormalities in the female reproductive system, especially low progesterone levels.
Be sure to call the attention of your physician if you notice any changes in heartbeat, swelling or redness in your legs, breast tenderness, headaches, weight gain or loss, acne, and nausea.
Here are some other health tips you can follow throughout your pregnancy to reduce the chances of a miscarriage:
- Get proper and frequent prenatal care
- Avoid smoking, taking alcohol or hard drugs
- Eat a balanced diet, and consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily
- Maintain your weight by exercising regularly and keeping stress levels in check
- Maintain good hygiene to avoid infections
- Reduce the amount of caffeinated drinks to less than 200 mg daily
- Take essential vitamins to supplement the nutrients that your baby needs
Do I Need To Take Progesterone In Every Pregnancy?
No you don’t. However, your doctor may recommend progesterone to you if you have had a history of recurrent miscarriages. Once you have a successful pregnancy, your doctor may decide whether to continue it or not.
And don’t worry! Having a miscarriage doesn’t rule out the chances of getting pregnant later. In fact, 75% women who have had a recurrent miscarriage end up with healthy pregnancies.
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- Alves C, Rapp A. Spontaneous abortion. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
- Dugas C, Slane VH. Miscarriage. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
- Michels TC, Tiu AY. Second-trimester pregnancy loss. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(9):1341-1346.
- Duckitt K, Qureshi A. Recurrent miscarriage. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011;2011:1409.
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