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Blood hormone testing is often seen as the benchmark. The question is whether at-home urine tracking can closely reflect the same hormone trends.
That is exactly what one of our published studies examined for Inito. In a published study, Inito’s urine hormone trends closely matched serum hormone trends, with 95% correlation.
What our published research found
In a published study in Oxford Academic’s Human Reproduction Open, researchers evaluated whether urinary E3G, PdG, and LH measured by Inito could predict the corresponding serum hormones: estradiol, progesterone, and LH. Using 73 data points from 20 participants across different phases of the menstrual cycle, they found strong correlations between urine and serum measurements. The reported R² values were 0.96 for E3G and estradiol, 0.95 for PdG and progesterone, and 0.98 for LH.
The researchers then tested those relationships in a verification cohort of 20 new users. In that second group, predicted serum values from Inito urine measurements remained highly correlated with actual serum values, with correlations of 0.92 for estradiol, 0.94 for progesterone, and 0.93 for LH. In simple terms, the hormone trends we measured in urine closely matched the corresponding hormone trends seen in serum.
Why this matters
This study matters because it suggests the hormone trends seen on Inito are not just readings in urine. They are a meaningful reflection of the hormone changes happening in the body. The paper concluded that a home-use device can predict urinary hormone values that are well correlated to serum concentrations with 95% accuracy1.
What this means for ovulation confirmation
This finding also strengthens the biological relevance of ovulation confirmation on Inito.
In the same study, the authors found that in all 11 data points where serum progesterone confirmed ovulation, urinary PdG measured by Inito also met the ovulation-confirmation threshold. That means the urinary PdG pattern seen on Inito aligned with the serum progesterone pattern commonly used to confirm ovulation.
So, how closely does Inito match serum?
Based on our published research, with 95% accuracy1.
Our Oxford Academic’s Human Reproduction Open study found that Inito’s urinary E3G, PdG, and LH patterns closely matched corresponding serum hormone trends, both in the original dataset and in a separate verification cohort. That is why Inito is designed to do more than show a number. It is designed to help you understand the hormone pattern behind it.
Disclaimer: 1 – Accuracy may be reduced in irregular cycles, anovulatory cycles, or when hormone levels are affected by medical conditions, medications, or inconsistent testing. “95% accuracy to corresponding blood hormone trends” refers to published findings showing that Inito’s urinary hormone measurements closely matched the direction and pattern of corresponding serum hormone changes over time. It does not mean urine values are identical to blood values or that absolute urine and blood hormone numbers will match exactly.
FAQs
Yes. A published study found that Inito’s urinary hormone patterns closely matched corresponding serum hormone trends.
In the published study, correlations were as high as R² = 0.98 for LH, 0.96 for E3G and estradiol, 0.95 for PdG and progesterone.
The study compared urinary E3G, PdG, and LH with serum estradiol, progesterone, and LH.
The study used 73 data points from 20 participants, plus a verification cohort of 20 new users.
Because it suggests the hormone trends seen in urine are a strong reflection of what is happening in the body.
Yes. The same study found that urinary PdG aligned with the serum progesterone pattern used to confirm ovulation.
